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Haplothrips tritici
Fig. 1

Antenna

Fig. 2

Head

Fig. 3

Pronotum

Fig. 4

Pronotum

Fig. 5

Pteronotum

Fig. 6

Wings

Fig. 7

Tergite 5

Fig. 8

Tergites9-10

Figures

Fig. 1: Antenna (inset: III. and IV. antennal segment)
Fig. 2: Head dorsal with maxillary bridge
Fig. 3: Pronotum
Fig. 4: Pronotum, postangular setae
Fig. 5: Meso- and metanotum
Fig. 6: Fore- and hindwing
Fig. 7: Tergite V
Fig. 8: Tergites IX and X

Taxonomic Information

Species:
Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov, 1912)

Synonyms:
Haplothrips paluster Priesner, 1922
Anthothrips tritici Kurdjumov, 1912

Common name:
Wheat thrips

Present taxonomic position:
Family: Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895
Subfamily: Phlaeothripinae (Uzel) Priesner, 1928
Genus: Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843

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Species Recognition

General information about the genus Haplothrips:
Most of the 200 species within this genus are macropterous and have duplicated fringe cilia on the forewing, with the forewing constricted medially and contain well developed paired prosternal basantra. The species in this group which contain single fringed cilia on the forewing belong to the subgenus Trybomiella. In addition, Haplothrips species have four sense cones on antennal segment IV, the head contains a well developed maxillary bridge, complete epimeral sutures on the pronotum, a triangular shaped pelta, and abdominal tergites II through VII exhibit two wing retaining setae.

Typical character states of Haplothrips tritici:

Body color
Mainly brown

Antennae
Number of antennal segments: 8
Segment III - number of sense cones: 2
Segment IV - number of sense cones: 4
Segments III & IV sensoria: emergent and simple

Head:
Basal thirds of cheeks: without a pair of stout setae
Maxillary stylet position: about one third of head width apart
Postocular setae: about half to nine tenths as long as eye
Postocular setal apex: acute to bluntly acute
Maxillary bridge: present
Cheeks: without one pair of stout setae in basal third

Prothorax
Number of pairs of elongate pronotal setae: 1-3
Pronotum: with faint sculpture
Prosternal basantra: present

Metathorax
Metanotum structure: weakly reticulate

Wings
Wings: present and more than half as long as abdomen
Forewing shape: constricted medially
Forewings: surface smooth, without veins, setae and microtrichia

Legs
Fore femur: without a strong, cylindrical tooth near the base

Abdomen:
Abdominal segment X: complete tube in both sexes
Abdominal tergites: with curved wing-retaining setae

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Biology

Life history:
This genus contains about 200 species which all live in flowers particularly composite flowers, rushes and sedges. Most of these species are found in the tropics of Europe, and Asia and their life cycle from egg to adult is not well known however, most life stages are found in the flowers mentioned above.

Host plants:
Cereals

Vector capacity:
None identified

Current known distribution:
Asia, Europe

Additional notes:
Haplothrips tritici is found in a variety of grasses and sedges.

Bibliography

Bhatti, JS (2006): The classification of Terebrantia (Insecta) into Families. Oriental Insects 40: 339-375.
Buntin, GD & Beshear, RJ (1995): Seasonal abundance of thrips (Thysanoptera) on winter small grains in Georgia. - Environmental Entomology 24 (5): 1216-1223.
Cott, E. H. (1956): Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera) in California. University of California Publications in Entomology, Vol. 13, ppg. 1-216.
Czencz, K (1992): A comparative investigation of the infestation of some winter-wheat types by Haplothrips tritici Kurd (Thysan, Phlaeothripidae). - Journal of Applied Entomology 113 (2): 209-213.
Durant, JA, Roof, ME & Cole, CL (1994): Early-season incidence of thrips (Thysanoptera) on wheat, cotton, and 3 wild host-plant species in South-Carolina. - Journal of Agricultural Entomology 11 (1): 61-71.
Lewis, T (1997): Pest thrips in perspective, pp. 1-13. In Lewis, T [ed.] Thrips as Crop Pests. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 740 pp.
Moritz G, Morris DC, Mound LA (2001): ThripsID - Pest thrips of the world. ACIAR and CSIRO Publishing Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, CDROM ISBN 1 86320 296 X.
Moritz G, Mound LA, Morris DC, Goldarazena A (2004):
Pest thrips of the world - an identification and information system using molecular and microscopial methods. CBIT, University of Queensland,CDROM ISBN 1-86499-781-8.
Mound, L. A., and G. Kibby (1998): Thysanoptera: An identification guide, (2nd edition). CAB International, Wallingford and New York, 70pp.
Mound, LA & Marullo, R (1996): The thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Associated Publishers, Gainesville.
Nickle, DA (2003): A checklist of commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at U.S. ports-of-entry (1983-1999). Part 1. Key to genera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 80-99.
Nickle, DA (2004): Commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at U.S. ports-of-entry. Part II. Frankliniella Karny and Iridothrips Priesner (Thripidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 106: 438-452.
Palmer, JM, Mound, LA & Du Heaume, GJ (1989): 2. Thysanoptera, pp. 73. In Betts, CR [ed.], CIE Guides to Insects of Important to Man. CAB International, Wallingford.

Links:
Mound, LA (2005): Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World - A Checklist. http://www.ento.csiro.au/thysanoptera/worldthrips.html

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