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Haplothrips verbasci
Fig. 1

Antenna

Fig. 2

Head

Fig. 3

Pronotum

Fig. 4

Pronotum

Fig. 5

Pteronotum

Fig. 6

Wings

Fig. 7

Tergite 5

Fig. 8

Tergite 10

Figures

Fig. 1: Antenna
Fig. 2: Head dorsal with maxillary bridge
Fig. 3: Head and pronotum
Fig. 4: Pronotum, laterla region
Fig. 5: Meso- and metanotum
Fig. 6: Fore- and hindwing
Fig. 7: Tergite V
Fig. 8: Tergite X

Taxonomic Information

Species:
Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn, 1897)

Synonyms:
Trichothrips femoralis Moulton, 1907
Phloeothrips verbasci Osborn, 1896
Neoheegeria verbasci Osborn, 1896

Common name:
Mullein thrips

Present taxonomic position:
Family: Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895
Subfamily: Phlaeothripinae (Uzel) Priesner, 1928
Genus: Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843

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Species Recognition

General information about the genus Haplothrips:
Most of the 200 species within this genus are macropterous and have duplicated fringe cilia on the forewing, with the forewing constricted medially and contain well developed paired prosternal basantra. The species in this group which contain single fringed cilia on the forewing belong to the subgenus Trybomiella. In addition, Haplothrips species have four sense cones on antennal segment IV, the head contains a well developed maxillary bridge, complete epimeral sutures on the pronotum, a triangular shaped pelta, and abdominal tergites II through VII exhibit two wing retaining setae.

Typical character states of Haplothrips verbasci:

Body color
Mainly brown

Antennae
Number of antennal segments: 8
Segment III - number of sense cones: 2
Segment IV - number of sense cones: 4
Segments III & IV sensoria: emergent and simple

Head:
Basal thirds of cheeks: without a pair of stout setae
Maxillary stylet position: about one third of head width apart
Postocular setae: shorter than distance of the setal base from the eye
Postocular setal apex: acute to bluntly acute
Maxillary bridge: present
Cheeks: without one pair of stout setae in basal third

Prothorax
Number of pairs of elongate pronotal setae: 3-5
Pronotum: with faint sculpture
Prosternal basantra: present

Metathorax
Metanotum structure: weakly reticulate

Wings
Wings: present and more than half as long as abdomen
Forewing shape: constricted medially
Forewings: surface smooth, without veins, setae and microtrichia

Legs
Fore femur: without a strong, cylindrical tooth near the base

Abdomen:
Abdominal segment X: complete tube in both sexes
Abdominal tergites: with curved wing-retaining setae

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Biology

Life history:
This genus contains about 200 species which all live in flowers particularly composite flowers, rushes and sedges. Most of these species are found in the tropics of Europe, and Asia and their life cycle from egg to adult is not well known however, most life stages are found in the flowers mentioned above.

Host plants:
Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae)

Vector capacity:
None identified

Current known distribution:
Europe, North America

Additional notes:
Haplothrips verbasci was once considered to be in the genus Neoheegeria (Cott, 1956) and has since been synonymized with the genus Haplothrips.

Bibliography

Bhatti, J. S. (2006): The Classification of Terebrantia (Insecta) into Families. Oriental Insects 40: 339-375.
Cott, E. H. (1956): Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera) in California. University of California Publications in Entomology, Vol. 13, ppg. 1-216.
Heming, BS (1973): Metamorphosis of pretarsus in Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thripidae) and Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Phlaeothripidae) (Thysanoptera). - Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 51 (12): 1211-&.
Heming, BS (1978): Structure and function of mouthparts in larvae of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Thysanoptera, Tubulifera, Phlaeothripidae). - Journal of Morphology 156 (1): 1-&.
Heming, BS (1979): Origin and fate of germ-cells in male and female embryos of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). - Journal of Morphology 160 (3): 323-&.
Heming, BS (1980): Development of the mouthparts in embryos of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). - Journal of Morphology 164 (3): 235-263.
Lewis, T (1997): Pest thrips in perspective, pp. 1-13. In Lewis, T [ed.] Thrips as Crop Pests. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 740 pp.
Moritz G, Morris DC, Mound LA (2001): ThripsID - Pest thrips of the world. ACIAR and CSIRO Publishing Collingwood, Victoria, Australia, CDROM ISBN 1 86320 296 X.
Moritz G, Mound LA, Morris DC, Goldarazena A (2004):
Pest thrips of the world - an identification and information system using molecular and microscopial methods. CBIT, University of Queensland,CDROM ISBN 1-86499-781-8.
Mound, LA & Kibby, G (1998): Thysanoptera: An identification guide,  (2nd edition). CAB International, Wallingford and New York, 70pp.
Mound, LA & Marullo,
R (1996): The thrips of Central and South America: An Introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Associated Publishers, Gainesville.
Nickle, DA (2003): A checklist of commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at U.S. ports-of-entry (1983-1999). Part 1. Key to genera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 80-99.
Nickle, DA (2004): Commonly intercepted thrips (Thysanoptera) from Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa at U.S. ports-of-entry. Part II. Frankliniella Karny and Iridothrips Priesner (Thripidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 106: 438-452.
Palmer, JM, Mound, LA & Du Heaume, GJ (1989): 2. Thysanoptera, pp. 73. In Betts, CR [ed.], CIE Guides to Insects of Important to Man. CAB International, Wallingford.
Stannard, LJ (1968): The thrips, or Thysanoptera, of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 29: 215-552.

Links:
Mound, LA (2005): Thysanoptera (Thrips) of the World - A Checklist. http://www.ento.csiro.au/thysanoptera/worldthrips.html

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